Linux-Part-1

Day 2 Task: Basics Linux command

Linux

Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds.

Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, and Ubuntu

The features of Linux:

Multiuser capability: Multiple users can access the same system resources like memory, hard disk, etc. But they have to use different terminals to operate.

Multitasking: More than one function can be performed simultaneously by dividing the CPU time intelligently.

Portability: Portability doesn't mean it is smaller in file size or can be carried in pen drives or memory cards. It means that it supports different types of hardware.

Security: It provides security in three ways namely authenticating (by assigning a password and login ID), authorization (by assigning permission to read, write and execute), and encryption (converting the file into an unreadable format).

Live CD/USB: Almost all Linux distros provide live CD/USB so that users can run/try it without installing it.

Graphical User Interface (X Window System): Linux is a command line-based OS but it can be converted to GUI based by installing packages.

Support's customized keyboard: As it is used worldwide, hence supports different language keyboards.

Application support: It has its own software repository from where users can download and install many applications.

File System: Provides a hierarchical file system in which files and directories are arranged.

Open Source: Linux code is freely available to all and is a community-based development project.

The architecture of Linux system

The Linux operating system's architecture mainly contains some of the components: the Kernel, System Library, Hardware layer, System, and Shell utility.

1. Kernel: - The kernel is one of the core sections of an operating system. It is responsible for each of the major actions of the Linux OS. This operating system contains distinct types of modules and cooperates with underlying hardware directly.

2. Hardware layer:- Linux operating system contains a hardware layer that consists of several peripheral devices like CPU, HDD, and RAM.

Shell: - It is an interface between the kernel and the user. It can take commands through the user and runs the functions of the kernel. These operating systems are categorized into two different types, which are graphical shells and command-line shells.
System Utility Programs: - It is responsible for doing specialized level and individual activities.

1. Check your present working directory.

#pwd

2. List all the files or directories including hidden files.

#ls -al

3. The -l option enables a long listing format like this.

ls -l file1

Create a nested directory A/B/C/D/E

mkdir -p A/B/C/D/E